ENERGY PROGRAM NEWSLETTER

CONTACT

Jim Otton
303.236.8020

Cyndi Rice
303.236.1989

Produced Waters Biblography

Produced water effects on soils, ground water, surface water and the ecosystems they support have been documented by researchers since the early 1900s.  The USGS has developed a bibliography of much of this work which is available in USGS publication (Open File 2006-1154).  

Included in this bibliography are references that describe:

1. Direct effects on soil, ground water, surface water, and aquatic organisms and waterfowl by produced waters released from oilfield production and gas-processing operations at specific sites.
2. Geochemical data from waters produced with oil and gas, in cases where the reader may make inferences about the potential harmful effects of releases of such produced waters by examining the data.
3. The origins of saline ground or surface waters in oil- and gas-producing areas whether or not the investigator concludes that produced water is the source of the salts.
4. Techniques that might be used to document the sources of salinity using geochemical indicators or geophysical surveys.
5. Geochemistry, occurrence, or effect of NORM, principally radium-226 and radium-228, in produced waters or in solid precipitates (scale and sludge) derived from produced waters.