Produced Waters Database

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U. S. Geological Survey(comp.)

Originator: George N. Breit(comp.)

Publication_Date: none

Title: Produced Waters Database

Description:

Abstract:

The produced water database contains approximately 58,000 records that describe the major chemical constituents of water that was produced with oil and natural gas from wells in the United States. Along with the chemical data, are fields that describe well location, geologic setting, and method of sample collection. The database was reviewed and updated from the original compilation prepared by the Department of Energy to render the contained data internally consistent and accessible using standard USGS nomenclature.

Purpose:

The database provides rapid access to information on the composition of produced water in the major petroleum producing areas within the United States. The information presented is intended as an indication of produced water composition and should not be regarded as a definitive description of the current composition of water produced from petroleum wells. Nonetheless petroleum producers, regulators and the general public will find application for the data.

Supplemental_Information:

DATA REVIEW: location, geologic setting, sample type and major ion composition. Review criteria were applied liberally to retain as many records as possible. Records that were retained include a location within a state and county (except for offshore wells), a reference to a geologic setting (basin), a sample type other than drilling, work-over or stored fluids, and lack apparent inconsistencies in the reported major ion chemical composition. Most records in the database contain results from test holes as well as producing wells. Samples from the test wells were retained because they generally intersect geologic units with a history or potential of petroleum production. Although this database may be described to contain formation water compositions, the large number of samples collected from the petroleum production system removed from the wellhead is more consistent with a produced water designation. A few of the records are for water collected from water wells. These may have been collected to identify possible sources of water for enhanced recovery operations. Location Parameters that identify the geographic location of the sampled well include state, county, latitude and longitude, and oil and gas field name. These parameters were reviewed for consistency. Records that were not consistent and could not be corrected independently were deleted from the database. State and county names were corrected for consistency of spelling and location. Latitude and longitude of the sampled well were retained if they were originally reported in the database or added if the coordinates could be calculated using the public lands survey information. Approximately 20% of the records list field latitude and longitude for the sample location. Oil and gas field names were corrected for consistency of names, field code and location by comparing with entries in the 1998 version of the Field Code Master List database that is maintained by the Energy Information Agency of the Department of Energy (http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/field_code_master_list/historical/1998/html/fcml_1998.html). Geologic Setting The geologic setting of the sample is described by the geologic basin, the name of the geologic unit from which the fluid was produced and the age of that geologic unit. Entries describing the geologic setting used in the original database were revised to conform to the nomenclature used by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG). Geologic names and ages of the sampled units were compared with the USGS Lexicon of Geologic Names (http://hgmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/geolex_home.html) and the stratigraphic charts presented in Gautier and others (1995). Names of geologic units varied and included groups, formations, and members. Where possible all three names were included. The position of the sample site relative to the USGS assessment provinces, identified in Gautier and others (1995), was added to the database for all records with a latitude and longitude or county location. All records for onshore wells list a geologic basin and 66% have a geologic unit and age. Sample type Water is collected by several methods and at various points during well completion and petroleum production. The method and location of sample collection can substantially affect the composition of the water sample because of mineral precipitation, degassing, addition of oxygen, contamination, water mixing, and evaporation. Originally more than 5000 different descriptors were used to describe the method/location of sample collection. These were consolidated into 18 general categories intended to indicate general sample types (well head, drill stem test, separator/treater, tank, lead line, swab etc.). In general, samples collected from a drill stem test or production test yield the best results for formation water analyses. Samples collected from a wellhead are considered the best representation of produced water as they are likely to be water brought to the surface prior to treatment and separation. Chemical composition sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate. The sum of the ions should equal the TDS for a good water analysis. Records that have water analyses within 15% of the TDS were considered acceptable. The charge balance was also calculated as the sum of cations minus the sum of anions divided by the total ion content (all values in units of equivalents/liter). Records with a charge balance within 15% were considered acceptable. Application of these evaluations to this database is problematic in that sodium in most standard formation water analyses is determined by difference and therefore will likely result in good mass and charge balance. As described by Hitchon and Brulotte (1994), several other chemical parameters can assist in identifying poor analyses or contaminated samples. All samples with pH>9 and <5, and samples with potassium concentrations greater than five times the sodium content were deleted. These compositions are likely the result of contamination due to treatment of a well (Hitchon and Brulotte, 1995). Chemical compositions of the 58,706 records that were retained in the database (Fig. 1) meet the review criteria described above, but may not represent complete water analyses. Water analyses of oil and gas production waters may include 1) incomplete analyses, 2) the sum of sodium and potasssium as sodium only, 3) the sum of calcium and magnesium as calcium, or 4) no report of pH. Complete chemical compositions (pH, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, SO42-, Cl- and HCO3-) are given for only 7,722 records in the revised database. Most records lack results of a potassium analysis. For many preliminary assessments, incomplete analyses though not desirable may be suitable for many types of evaluation. Detailed water assessments, however, (particularly geochemical modeling), require complete analyses. References Gautier, D.L., Dolton, G.L., Takahashi, K.I., and Varnes, K.L., 1995, National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources—Results, Methodology, and Supporting Data, U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30 Release 2. (Available online at: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/noga/). Applied Geochemistry v. 9, p. 637-645.

Additional information is available in supplemental information, descript.txt.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1/1/1922

Ending_Date: 1/1/1980

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -164

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -42

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none

Theme_Keyword: Produced Waters

Theme_Keyword: Oil

Theme_Keyword: Natural Gas

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints: None

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: George Breit

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address:

U.S Geological Survey Box 25046 MS 973 Denver Federal Center

City: Denver

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80225

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-4951

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-3200

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gbreit@usgs.gov

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.1.1.649

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: .01

Longitude_Resolution: .01

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927

Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866

Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Please refer to documentation in descript.txt

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Please refer to documentation in descript.txt.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address:

Box 25386, Building 810, Denver Federal Center

City: Denver

State_or_Province: Co

Postal_Code: 80225

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747)

Distribution_Liability:

The data you have secured from the USGS database identified as have not received Director's approval and as such are provisional and subject to revision. The data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20020109

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Person: George Breit

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address:

U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046 MS 973 Denver Federal Center

City: Denver

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80225

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-4951

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-3200

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gbreit@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998